The Bee’s Knees

Winter Solstice 2010

Pacific Rim on the half-shell

Pacific Rim on the half-shell

To HS: ¡Mira!: A Rimshot ((This is a terribly inside joke (and a palindrome as well), and its intent was to surprise and delight Harmon Skurnik, brother of the eponymous Michael Skurnik, our distributor in New York. If memory serves, we put this inscription on the corks (remember those?) of Pacific Rim Riesling.  I think fondly back on the days when it seemed possible to do all sorts of goofy things with our marketing, with minimal fear of repercussions.)). By the time you read this, there will have been a significant development in der kleiner Doonwelt. Pacific Rim—you do remember Pacific Rim, the brand we quixotically produced for so many years under the aegis of Bonny Doon, schlepping grape juice down from Eastern Washington to Monterey County to ferment and ultimately get blended with the crisp and floral Mosel wine from our friend, Johannes Selbach, (sea-schlepped—the wine, that is—through the Panama Canal), then the whole business trucked back up to Santa Cruz to be bottled, back in the day; an enormous investment of time and energy (totally worth it) in service of the noblest white grape of them all?—has just been sold to the Mariani family, owners of Banfi Wine Group. The Asian woman on the front label—in the first iteration she had just placed down a weighty copy of Schopenhauer’s Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung before drowsing off and dreaming of the Platonic form of Riesling, depicted on the interior side of the back label—bringing to mind how important it is to have a rich inner life (something that wine, on a very good day or night might well abet). Well, this was all before we relocated the company to the Great Northwest, entrusting it to the very capable Nicolas Quillé and crew, who have all done a magnificent job of growing the brand handsomely and making some lovely wine in the bargain.  So, now it’s been sold—oh, great joy—but what this means on a personal level, apart from the upwelling of memories, is that the sundry parlous Damoclean swords have been sheathed (the last several years had been very tough) and we now have some financial breathing room to take care of business, the first order of which is to proceed amain with the establishment of our vineyard/farm/kibbutz in San Juan Bautista.

Closely spaced pinot noir; ideal rodentine habitat

Closely spaced pinot noir; ideal rodentine habitat

Ratiocination. “So, how is it going in San Juan?” you ask. Well, we’ve had our ups and doons, as I’m somewhat wont to say. We had planted a little more than one-half acre of pinot noir last spring very densely (in every sense of the word), and had what I’d imagined to be an enormously clever idea: the setting out of a very thick layer of straw mulch between the plants to conserve moisture and to suppress weeds. It did work brilliantly in doing that, but also had the unfortunate unintended consequence of creating the most ideal ecological niche for very, very large rats, who lost no time at all in creating a vast thoroughly integrated rat habitat: rat arterials, feeder and frontage roads; rat schools, churches and hospitals; rat industries (manufacturers of rattles and rattail files, radiator repair); service organizations—the American Rat Cross; rat condominia…  You get the picture. We had rats up the yin-yang in our young, tender planting. They chomped down to the ground maybe 40% of the plants, very careful to leave the poison oak companion plants. So we trapped the rodentine fressers, ((A slightly grisly footnote: I have remarked once or twice before on the enormous sense of energy or vitality the San Juan site possesses. It is a bit hard to quantify, but one thing is for certain: when an animal meets its demise on the property, there is an almost instant recycling of its relevant bits. Within 24 to 36 hours of the fatal snap of the trap, there is little left of the rat but the tail—rat-tat-tué.)) removed the straw, and voilà, the problem abated, and mercifully, under the god Pan’s watchful encouragement, maybe 70% of the damaged vines somehow managed to grow back.

Fibonacci: The Geometric Music of the Spheres

Fibonacci: The Geometric Music of the Spheres

Don’t Go Near the Water. In the John Steinbeck novel “Cannery Row,” there’s a character continuously at work building a boat, but somehow never managing to finish. As soon as he’s nearing completion, he invariably decides that the aesthetic concept or the building material or something is all terribly wrong. The real problem, as another character explains, is that the boat builder is, very simply, afraid of the water. It has been a comforting fantasy of mine over the years to daydream continually about planting a wonderful, miraculous vineyard, and this of course has excused me on some level from actually going out and planting aforesaid vineyard. This was going to be a very special, magical vineyard, after all, and whether it was to be planted in the form of a helix or on some sort of esoteric hexagonal or heptagonal grid, or grown up an olive or peach tree, or perhaps somehow arrayed as the topological projection of a Fibonacci series—I’m not quite sure how one would manage this (I’m still pondering)—this rosy fantasy is what has kept me going in times of great adversity, when fermentations have inexplicably stuck, when malos have gone when they’re not supposed to, and have not gone when they should, when I’ve failed to pick before the rain, or alternatively, pulled the trigger too soon just before the sun came out with a smile, or when, having gone to a much lower SO2 regime (it seemed like a good idea at the time), I’ve observed the resultant spike in diverse microbial creepy-crawlies crawling out of the woodwork. In these challenging times, I’ve had a certain tendency to become transformed into a grape-growing Walter Mitty, a Walter Vitty, if you will. “Just give me a great terroir and a few (well, actually more than a few) oddball grape varieties, and I’ll show you; I’ll show you all!” But now something has changed. It is no longer the dream that is compelling, but rather the gritty work itself that beckons.

En Plein Air. The joy will come, must come in the thousand small decisions that are to be made: which rootstock, which varieties, for Godsake—or will there even be anything like distinct grape varieties in this new radically envisioned undertaking? ((Though if you have read the recent post on the Been Doon So Long blog on the subject of growing grapes from seeds, you will note that I’m now essentially at a point where I’m thinking the whole notion of a grape variety, or particular clone of grape variety, may well be thoroughly moot.)) And how might we make a great imaginative leap into dry-farming a parcel that (at least parts of which) we’re told is un-dry-farmable? Where will the pêches de vigne go, and where the olives and where the black raspberry patch? How can we coax supernal flavors, the second derivative of dry-farmed tomatoes, out of our produce? Time to send away for those exotic Italian seeds, radicchio as sleek and brightly carmine as a turbo-charged Maserati. And most important, will there be goats for goat’s cheese, sheep for fresh ricotta? Burrata, the fresh farm cheese that dare not speak its name? It is rather easy for me to become lost in the reverie of imagining, but the imagining will soon (if cards are played right) turn into digging post-holes and setting fence posts, and there, if things work as I envision, I’ll have ample time to day-dream whilst lost in the Zen of some real work.

Top: Claude Bourguignon in a bit of a hole (<i>trou</i>); bottom: a chunk of limestone showing froth caused by reaction of strong mineral acid with carbonate

Top: Claude Bourguignon in a bit of a hole (trou); bottom: a chunk of limestone; note froth, a reaction of strong mineral acid with carbonate

No Boeuf with the Bourguignons. It really is an enormous “To Do” list I’m compiling, and we are barely up to the “B”s. Foremost among the Bee’s Needs: Bourguignons, Bio-char, and Blood Peaches, aka pêches de vigne. We’ve had the Bourguignons—that is their last names: Claude and Lydia, the eminent French soil scientists—out to the place to visit, to give us their advice on how to optimize the expression of terroir. ((Only in France can you find “geologists to the stars,” at least in the viticultural firmament. The Bourguignons’ roster of clients is so impressive as to be known by virtually any newbie Shanghainese wine aficionado.)) There were a couple of patches that struck them as somewhat pedestrian, but they were awfully excited by most everything they saw. “We’ve never seen such a diverse array of soils on a single property, including some globally very rare ones—limestone and volcanic (along with more common metamorphic and granitic), as well as the ultra-recherché and beautiful allophane soils. ((Allophane soils, at least in the New World, are exceptionally exotic, to the point where many non-French (or at least non-Bourguignon) soil scientists are even unaware of their existence, as they are often (erroneously) confused with simpler clay soils. Allophane, known as an “amorphous” mineral, perhaps the hermaphrodite of minerals, possesses both anion and cation exchange capability, a rich repository of plant nutrition, but with the tragic flaw of being very easily compacted. The Bourguignons made us solemnly promise not to rip these soils, nor to run heavy equipment over them. (We have learned that there are apparently quite a number of super-light narrow-gauge European caterpillar tractors that one might inadvertently drive over the foot of a co-worker without necessitating an immediate visit to the emergency room.))) , ((I am also utterly jazzed about the presence of the volcanic soils, which are perhaps the most mineral-intensive ones of all. Whether we end up planting nerello mascalese—God knows if we can find that—or something else, there’s no question that these sites will produce some extraordinary fruit.)) I am fairly certain that I was projecting my own heart-thumping sense of excitement at a particularly climactic moment of the visit. We had just hopped into a soil pit and seen the streaks of chalky white material. Could it be? Claude then expertly whipped out his vial of sulfuric acid, ((Claude and Lydia, like many consultants, spend an inordinate amount of time on airplanes. But they, unlike most consultants, also travel around by air carrying a diverse array of highly reactive/volatile chemical reagents. I believe Claude explained to me his stratagem for foiling airport security regulations anent these substances, but can’t just now recall how he does it.)) and, testing the material in situ, pronounced it definitively to be pure calcaire. Again, I may well have been projecting, but I imagined I saw a slight lump in his throat when he made the pronouncement. You should know that the Bourguignons have publicly been rather skeptical about the possibilities of a real expression of terroir in the New World, and maybe (this is truly all my imagination), they felt at that extraordinary moment the need for perhaps a slight—or total—revision of their worldview. The limestone patch is out on a bit of a promontory, very windy, and we’ll need to plant a very substantial windbreak. Is there any reason in the world this windbreak could not be hazelnut trees, inoculated with truffle fungus?  ((Apart from the fact that we would likely be attracting every wild boar in the Tri-County area.))

Sehr Trocken. If you have been following my slightly obsessive ideational thread for the last few years, you’ll know that part of the belief system is that the discovery of terroir is not really possible absent dry-farming. The block at San Juan we had planned to plant this coming spring (with a great selection of grenache from an unnamed source ((Ex Château Rayas, via a slightly circuitous route.)) in the Châteauneuf-du-Pape appellation) is at the very top of our property, on a relatively windy mesa, with fairly shallow, rocky soils, i.e., ones with not so very great water holding capacity. Our “experts”—and we’ve heard from a few—have not agreed on much apart from the fact that this section is not likely to be farmed without supplemental irrigation. ((There is no absolutely definitive reason why we have chosen to plant grenache in this section, apart from the fact that we need to plant something, and grenache, especially on its own roots (non-grafted), is among the most drought tolerant varieties there are.)) Because this issue (the need to express terroir vs. some degree of practicality) appears to be more or less intractable, I do what multiple generations of Grahms have always done, ((Actually, it is just my mother and very possibly her mother who employed this stratagem, but for all I know, this behavior may well be behaviorally encoded in the DNA.)) namely to ask the considered opinion of every single person they meet capable of making an intelligent comment on the subject. ((This method also actually seems to work.)) At a farm-to-table dinner about a year ago, I saw an old friend, Greg Steltenpohl, someone I know to have a great interest in matters of sustainability, and in catching up with him, I shared my concerns about dry farming in San Juan. Greg told me about something called “biochar,” which a number of people in the sustainable community had begun to talk about in rather glowing tones. ((No, the stuff is not radioactive.)) Now, I have the rather off-putting habit of putting things off to the very last minute, and when a decision about how/when we were going to plant the grenache was imminent, the time to research biochar in earnest could be put off no longer. As it turns out, not only is biochar utterly relevant and congruent to my ideological bent, it is something that we should all be thinking about rather sooner than later. So, what the heck is biochar, and why should it compel our interest?

Amazon soil, before and after biochar

Amazon soil, before and after biochar

(Loup-garou) Garrigue’s Disease. Biochar is the product of pyrolysis, or the thermochemical transformation of organic material in the absence of oxygen; you may know it under the nom de barbecue of “charcoal.” Apart from its stellar utility at 4th of July shindigs, why else should it be so interesting? When biochar is returned to the soil, it does some very magical things. Not only is it useful in enhancing water holding capacity (it holds six times its own weight in water), but as significantly, it seems to dramatically activate the microbial life in the soil, resulting in far greater availability of soil nutrients, and consequently producing healthier plants and more nutritious produce. From a terroirist perspective, the soil microflora are terroir’s pre-amplifier, boosting its signal. The mycorrhizae in the vine root hairs are terroir’s carny hawkers, shameless promoters and costermongers, strong-arming those reluctant Midwestern cations to give it up and live a little, join the show—step-right-up-get-yer-haunting-aroma-here. But most important, the real genius of biochar is that it seems to be the most practical strategy—perhaps truly the only strategy we have at this point—to reverse the effects of global warming. After burning fossil fuels for 200 years, we now have the opportunity to put coal back into the ground and sequester the carbon (net carbon negativity)—for, oh, say, 10,000 years—whilst making our soils more arable and filled with life. Seems like a very cool trade-off.

Swiss Char. There is a great interview from Ken Payton, of Reign of Terroir, with Hans-Peter Schmidt, a Swiss anthropologist turned viticulturist who is doing original research in the use of biochar in vineyards. Beyond thinking about biochar as a magic bullet, Peter is thinking about how one might use the vineyard as a platform to create real biodiversity and something approaching a true polyculture, even on sites that are water-limited. This has always been the great tragic flaw of the California climat—no summer rain to support flowering plants, which in turn support a balanced insect ecology. ((Companion plantings (sometimes also known as weeds) adjacent to vines protect the soil from the bright rays of the sun and support microbial flora that also nourish the vines.)) If we can create conditions to allow flowers to bloom longer into the season, the benefits to the ecology and stability of the vineyard eco-system are incalculable. But possibly more to the point, a paradise is a garden of infinite delights, not just a place where a single item is produced, as stellar and soulfully intoxicating as it might be. The nature spirits are as attention-deficit challenged as the rest of us, requiring a constantly changing kaleidoscope of sensory pleasures—sights, scents, and tastes—to keep them in a sunny mood.

Pêches de vigne

Pêches de vigne

Red Alert or Taking Umbrage. There are blood diamonds, there are blood peaches, and then there are pêches de vigne, ((Blood peaches, or “Indian” peaches, superficially resemble pêches de vigne in that they are both rather small in size, dun or grayish in appearance, and covered with a fuzzy down. Depending on the particular tree and where it is grown, the flesh and juice will either be a shockingly vivid, bright red or largely so. According to Todd Kennedy, the pêches de vigne (of which there are actually several variants) come from a different genetic line than the Indian bloods, but have independently arrived at a similar appearance. The true pêche de vigne is more deeply, reliably pigmented than the blood peach, and is more aromatic, but also exhibits slightly more astringency and bitterness.  Pêches de vigne are seldom seen at market (their shelf-life is not so great), but they are used in Europe to create amazing jams, eaux de vie, and fruit liqueurs (the sweetness of the liqueur or jam a device to mask the astringency).)) the latter two items being juicy members of the Prunus genus, possessing deeply pigmented red juice and something approaching the quintessence of peach fragrance. I first encountered pêches de vigne or “vineyard peaches” while visiting Michel Escande, a brilliant grower in Minervois, in the Midi, who for many years supplied us with syrah for our Domaine des Blagueurs brand. ((Michel himself is an amazing individual, with wines that are little known in the U.S.  (He has had a somewhat tempestuous relationship with his importer, and I’m honestly not sure whether they have presently kissed and made up.) Michel is somewhat of a mystic, and presents a slightly dreamy, distracted, moody countenance to the world; however, he is very tuned-in to the subtle energetic forces in his climat. Michel does not suffer fools; I was given to understand it was somewhat miraculous that as an American I was given the warm welcome I invariably received. But the French are fabulously rigorous about their personal boundaries. I’ve eaten many, many times at the table chez Escande, and in ten or so years of visiting, have been received in his cave de accueil, but never into his proper fermenting area nor barrel cellar.)) He had just a few scrawny trees, but I tasted the fruit and was utterly knocked out, to the point of obsession, such that I have always been on the Prunus persica qui vive when visiting any part of Europe where grapes are grown. ((They are found throughout Europe from Germany to virtually all of France (Alsace, Burgundy, and the Midi). Curiously, I’ve never seen them in Italy, but I have to believe they are there. Not surprisingly, the cultivation of vineyard peaches provides an interesting glimpse into the character of das Volk, le peuple. German vineyard peaches (Weinbergpfirschen) are procured from nurseries, where they are grafted onto proper rootstock, each tree genetically true to die Mutterpflanze, and planted in organized rectilinear fashion. French pêches de vigne, on the other hand, at least in the historically dirt-poor Midi, were/are typically produced from peach pits after the peach had been sensuously savored and discarded, to randomly appear the following spring as a seedling in the vineyard. The advantage of the German method, of course, is that the desirable characteristics of the mother plant are retained; the advantage of the French method is that it just is what it is.)) Needless to say, whilst traveling in those parts, I am essentially always literally on Red Alert. No one really knows why these peaches have shown up in vineyards, apart from the folk knowledge that they ripen at more or less (usually a little sooner) the same time as grapes, and that they are a most cordial fruit to consume whilst harvesting, or potentially under which to find shade, though these diminutive guys provide relatively little relief in the torrid Midi midi. I’ve had the great fortune to meet two of the most knowledgeable people in the world on matters pertinent to genus Prunus. ((I suppose that peaches—maybe it is their highly sensual, if not vaguely sexual Platonic form—are something that can feed a sort of Nabokovian obsession.)) One is grower/plant breeder Andy Mariani of San Martin, who has a vast collection of peaches, apricots, plums, and nectarines, as well as every permutation and combination thereof, and is still looking to breed variants even wilder and more flavorful; the other is Todd Kennedy, an attorney and passionate rare fruit maven, who is undoubtedly the Final Word on any discussion anent our sappy, succulent, chin-drizzling, fuzzy, fruictiferous friends. Todd has graciously given me a number of pits of true pêches de vigne from his collection; it is my hope that they will give rise to some viable offspring ’ere long. They’re currently reposing in the refrigerator, undergoing an obligatory chill period. I will plant them out in the next few weeks, hoping for the very best.

Seeds of Change. I don’t know whether you’ve managed to follow any of the published reports of our plans to grow grapes from seeds at San Juan.  I’ve written about this a fair bit in this monthly-ish blog, and I have to say that this project is what truly gets me going every morning. I’ll spare you the goriest details as to why this is interesting to me, ((Sorry, but I can’t resist here. The coolest aspects of this project—growing grapes from seedlings—are twofold: 1.) The rooting habit of seedlings is somewhat different from plants made from cuttings; the seedlings exhibit a greater degree of geotropism—i.e., they tend to root straight down—and this may well confer to them a greater degree of drought tolerance (a beautiful thing), as well as the ability to mine a larger soil volume for nutrients (and hence a more articulate expression of terroir); and 2.) When you grow grapes from seeds, you have essentially recombined the genetic information of the mother plant, resulting in subtle or not so subtle differences from the mother plant. (A red grape parent will yield red, pink, and white offspring.) While nearly every offspring may be thought of as “inferior” to the mother plant, i.e., not possessing the full expression of desirable characteristics, it is my hope/belief that in the manifestation of this extreme degree of genetic diversity in the plant material, one will end up with a wine of great nuance and complexity. The expression of varietal characteristics will recede in prominence, and perhaps other aspects (ahem—terroir), will come to the fore.)) but the project seems to be incredibly resonant with everyone who learns about it. Maybe it’s just the human need for hope, for regeneration, that the image of the seed evokes. This project will not be the savior of the wine industry (or of anything else), but it may perhaps produce wines that will sing a song that has not heretofore been heard.

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    33 Responses to “The Bee’s Knees”

    1. Jo Diaz says:

      I want to write like you do, but – alas – I’ve not had the same life experiences and readings; therefore, I must just take comfort in just enjoying all of your stories, including rats up the yin-yang. (Too funny!)

      Very pleased to know – for your sake – that the rats didn’t “get to the bottom of it” with so many of the vines they enjoyed… at your expense.

      You’re a master at word and thought construction, Randall. I love it all…

    2. lynn Alley says:

      “Rats! Rats! Thousands of rats!!” ( Who said this, while rubbing his hands together gleefully, red eyes glowing?)

      Also, have you seen the waterboxx, Randall? Might be of great help getting your trees and vines going sans de l’eau.

      • Thanks for the suggestion. Will research the Waterboxx further. Alas, I think that the vines will have to dig a long way to find the water table – maybe 600 feet, so maybe that’s being overly ambitious. We are going to try to capture as much rainfall as can possibly be managed, both through biochar and possibly with mulch, though don’t think we’ll repeat the rodentine habitat trick (say that fast ten times).

      • lynn Alley says:

        The waterboxx is designed to “harvest” water from sources other than rainfall and deliver them to the roots of young plants. Don’t know that they can be used long term, but it’s probably worth looking into.

        P.S. The answer to the “rats” question? Renfield.

    3. Tom says:

      Thanks for the fascinating tour! Have you considered placing barn owl boxes strategically on the periphery of the vineyard? Rumor has it that the owls will move in and show their appreciation by taking culinary pleasure in said rodents.
      Keep making great wines and writing your wonderfully insightful ruminations down for us to enjoy as well!

      • Thanks so much for your comment. We do indeed have an owl box and there has been a barn owl that has lived in our barn (currently on leave). But one has to be very careful @ San Juan of unintended consequences, with its seemingly very high level of Nature, red in tooth and claw. Creating habitat for multiple barn owls (generally a great idea) can also bring predators who will happily feed on the barn owls. We’re still learning.

    4. David Rapoport says:

      Great read.
      That said, I still really have a beef with: “You should know that the Bourguignons have publicly been rather skeptical about the possibilities of a real expression of terroir in the New World,”
      It strikes me a supremely chauvinistic and either naive or wishfully fearful.
      That there are many STYLES in the “New World” (as well as the old) that suppress any expression of terroir or place, I think is not disputable. However, the notion that only some places in western europe are capable of producing wines reflective of their place and surroundings, strikes me as unsupportable. TRUE Sonoma coastal Pinot Noir, handled with care and a light hand, tastes like Pinot from nowhere else in the world (whether one prefers it to Musigny, Spätburgunder, etc is a different discussion.)
      The salty cabernet francs of eastern Long Island, when well made, are distinct and unique. They are not Loire, St Emilion, nor Napa.

      I really need to side with Ted Lemon when he proclaims:
      “Being a slave to Europe is as much a mistake as saying that super-ripe California is a great expression. You’ll never hear what the land is saying if you just say, ‘In Europe, they do this.’ “

      • Don’t know if the Bourguignon’s comment is naive, uninformed or if it even accurately represents their views. (My apologies to them if that is the case. I did receive it somewhat second-hand.) And in addition to the examples that you cite, there is another one – Christophe Baron’s Cayuse, up in Walla Walla, which produces wines exceptionally expressive of the area. But in general, so many of the New World practices actively discourage the discovery of terroir – from our reliance upon clones (and inability/unwillingness to engage in massal selection), to our reliance on drip irrigation, that terroir may well be present, it just never has a chance to really emerge. And then of course, there is the question of style – making wines in an overblown, overripe or overoaked fashion, just obliterates any real nuance, terroir’s calling card. I don’t want to be excessively shrill on the subject, but our wine press has generally not been particularly supportive of New World vins de terroir, rather too easily dazzled by the special effects of flash wines.

    5. Max says:

      Best of luck in your quixotic quest to produce fruitful vines from seed. You will certainly need it. You’ve surely been told the same by others who understand the underlying genetics but that’s what quixotic quests are all about. Please don’t put all your eggs in that basket though, as I quite enjoy the wines that you currently make.

      btw, I would guess that you’re aware that the French have already conducted similar vine breeding experiments (requiring quite a bit more humanpower, technology, and hectarage than you likely have at hand) to produce new varieties — including whites — that better survive the ever-warming Midi climate. You might consider adding some of them to your mix if you’re planning on dry-farming, which, as you also surely know, is de rigueur in France.

      Anyway, while I’m not betting on your seedlings’ success, I’m glad that you’re giving it a go. There are far to few of us willing to jump into our dreams with both feet.

      • Thanks so much for your comment, and sorry to be so late in getting back to you. I had indeed thought about doing some hybridizing, as that would certainly introduce a lot more genetic diversity into the mix, but also realized that the time and effort involved would be just out of control. We are (for now at least) beginning with a variety (grenache) that does seem to be more drought tolerant than most. The real question seems to be whether the fact of planting seedlings, as compared to rootings, will engender a rooting system with superior drought tolerance. It is not inconceivable that certain individual vines might demonstrate superior drought tolerance, even with this somewhat limited genetic pool.

    6. Allison Levin says:

      Randall! No flowering plants in dry California summers, you say? But that’s just no so! Tell me what months you want flowers, sir, and I’ll send you a nice list that will bring all the pollinators your heart desires.

      happy new year!

    7. David Rapoport says:

      Thank you for your response. I am in agreement with you. There are lots of contemporary practices that discourage making wines expressive of their place; often times even their grape!! I am also in agreement with you about our wine press; though I see the British wine press equally problematic, though for different reasons.
      Winemaking and viticulture that suppress uniqueness are, sadly, a global phenomenon; present in worlds of all ages, not just “new”. In my opinion, the focus should be on the practices, not a prejudice that the resources that the “new world” has are inherently inferior. To my mind, for example, great pinot noir has a sort of “attractor” of points that define its structure, regardless of its origin. It’s important that such a structure be maintained in all places: Burgundy, Germany, Coastal California, Oregon etc. As a consumer, its my feeling that wine makers should strive for that abstract structure, whilst focusing on the specifics of flavor and aroma of their locale
      Starting from the point of view that one has arbitrarily inferior natural resources strikes me as rather deleterious.

      • I have always maintained that we in the New World should look deeply at what might be the most appropriate grapes for us to attempt to grow. While I in no way wish to be an apologist for the Old World, I think that we have to also look carefully at the climatic differences between Old World and New. There are enormous differences in relative humidity – it is way, way more humid in most places where grapes are grown in the Old World (creating a lot more disease pressure, by and large). But I do wonder whether this higher humidity might also act as a mechanism in helping to articulate terroir – moderating against extreme water stress, one of the obscurers of terroir. If you are growing grapes that will likely be subject to water stress, it would behoove one to find varieties (and rootstocks) that are drought tolerant (Grenache, for example). For the life of me, I still don’t yet have a handle on why pinot noir is so much more articulate as a grape in the Old World, but would venture that the higher humidity might well enable it to capture a higher register of expression that is somehow suppressed under our climatic regime.

    8. Corey says:

      How great to hear your voice so clearly again. Now 20+ years since our yards backed up on Sunlit Ln.
      Happy New Year! Great Job.

    9. Thanks so much. Would very much like to return to Bonny Doon, even on a small scale were that possible. Who knows what future will bring.

    10. Wayne says:

      Maybe this shall be one of the most interesting farms in California, both in the present collection and previously produce producing parcels of antiquity.

      It is good for the heart to dream dreams, to indulge in the wonderful. But, it is good for the soul to work with our hands in the pursuit of these colorful visions. In dreams we find our focus. In work we find fulfillment.

      My your head, pockets, hands, buckets, heart, soul, and dreams, be filled with black berries, and goat cheese, and the buzz of happy bees (filled with summer flower pollen), and the whistle of the hazelnut trees, and the snorts of pigs, and wines of a dozen Italian grapes I know you will find.

    11. Once again, great read. To me, you really symbolize the ultimate attitude between old world and new world “vignerons” (which is more precisely what you are in my opinion, instead of being a winemaker (“faiseur de vin”) or winegrower. I love your really zen approach to wine, and profound respect of terroir, yet you have a scientific approach, one that tends to refuse hollow and easy truths. You try a lot of things, and I really like your “What could possibly wrong” motto. And, above all, you are such a great communicator. Wine is way more than fermented grape juice in a bottle, it’s so much about the story of the people behind, the “démarche” and also the arts, and philosophy all around.

      In my opinion, you are the most interesting and influential “vigneron” in USA for the whole portrait.

      To the pleasure of meeting again, and I wish you the best of luck in your experimentations.

      Btw, I’m trying to find the little cartoon you made for your screwcap offensive, almost 10 years ago, with the guy oppening an old corked meursault, thinking he’s experiencing “terroir”. And he ends with the “will I ever know gracious living”. Do you know where I could find it?

      Yours kindly,

      Simon

      • Thank you so much, Simon, for your kind and generous words. I have seen the little screwcap propaganda brochure around the office and will try to dig up a copy. (It was penned by the very talented Mr. John Locke, alas, no longer with the organization.) Drop me a note – randall@bonnydoonvineyard.com to remind me again to look for it, and I’ll try to ship a copy to you. (I do love the snarky, “Will I ever know gracious living?”) Frank Zappa would be proud.

    12. Amy Atwood says:

      One would think CA grape growers would be jumping on the biochar bandwagon. First, because dry-farmed fruit is so much more compelling, and secondly, due to our severe water shortage. Hmm, maybe that should be reversed in order of importance. Lots of buzz this year about dry-farmed carignane especially.

    13. David Rapoport says:

      By new world, it seems that you just mean California (??). The growing regions of New York and Virginia, for example, are quite humid in the ripening and harvest months. Those are “New World” regions

      • Indeed, I was thinking about California, Washington, Oregon, Australia and Chile and perhaps South Africa. There is at least one person (Clark Smith), who believes that the most interesting wines in the United States do not come from California. I don’t have a lot of experience with wines from the East Coast, but one impression I have is that – at least for the whites – the aromatic potential is far greater than what we typically find in California. Further, the white wines there seem to be less phenolic or astringent. I put this down – correctly or incorrectly – to the higher humidity on the East Coast and presumably thinner skins.

    14. David Rapoport says:

      Then can I ask, and I’m HONESTLY not trying to be flippant here: Why do you stick with CA?
      You seem to have a very clear vision; you clearly are already capable of making very good wine; your new project suggest a desire for tabula rasa; you seem to think (I don’t agree, but that’s ok) that California (and the rest of the western US) lacks the natural resources for your vision of great wine. Why not start over on the east end of Long Island, or Virginia, or the Finger Lakes? Or even oversees?

    15. Maybe I am just wearing my neurosis too transparently on my sleeve. I just want to make sure that I really get it right in California – that I really understand well what California can do well and not so well. I am doing this project in San Juan Bautista in California, not because I think that San Juan is the perfect place to grow grapes. But it is where I have chosen (or it has chosen me), and I am determined to do something special and distinctive here. The great opportunity in California is the benign set of growing conditions – far less disease and insect pressure. We still have virgin land, affording us the opportunity to plant ungrafted vines, and perhaps even to grow vinifera grapes from seeds, something that is very difficult to do almost anywhere else. But drought is a very real issue for me; it is a potential nemesis of terroir – I really want to make sure that it doesn’t lead to wines that are exaggerated confections. Elegance, Cary Grant-like cool is what I am after. If I’m clever, we might perhaps achieve it in San Juan.

    16. David Rapoport says:

      Fair enough. If you’re looking to familiarize yourself with some wines from the east coast, Channing Daughters on the east end of LI are doing some very exciting things with “fruillian style” whites and oranges. They make some wonderful Blaufrankish as well.
      I recommend them very highly for a different take on the “new world”

    17. My dear friend,

      Continue to keep up the good fight. I’m sure your maverick disposition staves off ennui and jadedness. At the very least, your sincere ramblings restore much of the allure of the grape for me.
      In addition to your commitment to do the grapes justice, I thoroughly enjoy your eloquent commentary with footnotes to boot. I have to sadly admit that I happen to be one of those nerdy types who actually bother to read such things, but I was rewarded with a chuckle or two.
      Gawd ,if only the mainstream wine press would cut it loose a bit like you do, they would be more like “Rolling Stone” than say “Newsweek”. Disclaimer: I am not saying there is inherently anything wrong with any publication that may take offense to my aforesaid comment, I’m just saying they each serve their shadowy overlord with their own distinct flavor.
      The one thing I fear is that you may very well be a heretic in the eyes of the mainstream greedheads, and your words are unintelligible to the average yahoo that proclaims an affinity for the juice. Even so, bring on your particular distain for the ludicrous practices of our day that flourish under the aegis of orthodoxy.
      I am glad that my hoodlum friends did not read your screed for they would indeed take it to heart and in their inclination for folly, start propagating slash and burn techniques in the quest for biochar. But that is entirely a different story… Have you dabbled in the biodynamic practices? What is your opinion of the approach? From what I gather, you are open to innovation, regard the vineyard as a biome, and detail oriented to the point of OCD diagnosis. I’m sure there are points that you would have contention with due to the inflexibility of many of Steiner’s methods, and I do realize simply growing grapes in that fashion will not guarantee superior results. You still have to ferment the juice and manage the rest of the process as well.
      Enough from me for now… A thunderstorm has visited upon the islands and brought alternating cycles of stagnant humidity and heavy rain. At this moment the drone of the raindrops upon the asphalt, cement, and rusty gutters, and the numbers of Beck’s lagers, and snorts of Balvenie have called me to sleep. Being that it is 3 in the morning here, I accept it willingly.
      I look forward to your next visit to Honolulu. Ok for now, send word of your BD thoughts.

      Selah

      BeauRyan Kennedy

      • Thank you for your very lively comments. We do in fact farm biodynamically, but I do agree that biodynamic farming in and of itself is no guarantor of anything, apart from the fact that you have farmed biodynamically. You still need to have selected an interesting place to grow grapes, farm them well and not grossly screw up the winemaking.

        As far as the mainstream wine press cutting loose, they must certainly (quite rightly) have some trepidation about offending their constituency. Since I have already offended everyone I should have worried about offending, a great weight has already been lifted.

        I look forward to meeting you someday in Hawaii.

    18. Mark says:

      >I am doing this project in San Juan Bautista in California, not because I think
      >that San Juan is the perfect place to grow grapes. But it is where I
      >have chosen (or it has chosen me),

      That’s how I feel about Glen Rose, Tx. Maybe it is because my first vineyard here died of PD, and my inspiration became the local wild vines that sang a seductive tune. The devil Xylella demands his due. Wine expressing terroir here will be sung with a Xf contribution, or not at all. With enough chemicals grenache will survive, but ripen in August’s heat. You can imagine what the resulting grapes will express. Meanwhile, the local ladies of the river banks linger until a more civilized October. Mixing the locals with the fruit of 6,000 years of European breeding, may seem a tedious task, but Xf makes short work of the seedlings not meant to survive here. Maybe you could come by and give the local ranchers a terroir pep-talk and expand the club.

    19. Mark, I’m sorry to be so tardy in responding to your lovely, moving post. I too lost a vineyard – the original Estate Vineyard in Bonny Doon and the one that I still dream about – to PD. Breeding PD resistance into vinifera is an insanely ambitious task, but definitely one that is worthwhile undertaking. And certainly, grapes that ripen in October will undoubtedly possess greater balance and complexity than ones that ripen in torrid August. You might check in with Professor Andy Walker of UC Davis, who I believe is doing work on breeding some PD resistant vinifera. I would love to come to Glen Rose, TX some day and talk to the folks. (Things are a little hectic these days). But, maybe checking in w/ Andy and seeing how close he is to coming up with some viable solutions would be a good first step. Wishing you the best of luck.

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